Edinburgh Napier University

  The purpose of this research is to explore the connection between management techniques and leadership techniques that influence collaboration in projects. The specific objective of this study is to identify the way in which (project) managers and leaders can positively influence the cooperation of each project member. It is not the task of this study to examine individual factors, risks or barriers that influence project success, and this study is unable to encompass the entire evaluations of possible guidelines, (process) models, standards, technologies or methods. The focus is on work obstacles that confront project members to show possibilities for working together while identifying practical solutions for managers and leaders. This study highlights the personal obstacles with the approach of agile (e.g., Scrum) and hybrid (e.g., V-Model® or waterfall, and Scrum) methodologies, but with the focus on techniques that can be used in a project. The study follows a semi-structured interview design with in-depth thematic data analysis. Interviews are used to understand the impediments between the interviewee and their work. The analysis examines the real view of the project members with a realistic view of the researcher. Study results suggest that team members have a pivotal role, and important aspects of joint working are revealed in the work arrangement and execution of the project work. Overall, the findings should make an important contribution to enhance collaboration in projects and generate fresh insight into manage and lead projects.